"No culture on earth outside of mid-century suburban America has ever deployed one woman per child without simultaneously assigning her such major productive activities as weaving, farming, gathering, temple maintenance, and tent-building. The reason is that full-time, one-on-one child-raising is not good for women or children." -- Barbara Ehrenreich
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Another potential problem is the one-woman-one-child that she mentioned, if a person (either gender) is a stay-at-home parent with one child, that child may become too much of the center of the universe for the parent's OR the child's mental/emotional health.
All that said, it is oversimplifying things a bit and leaves out a lot of factors.