I could've sworn I'd written about this before, but a few
'grep' commands show that I don't seem to have gotten around
to doing so in my own journal yet. Since it came up recently,
I'll copy and paste (with minor edits) from email I sent to a
friend who wrote to me:
In YYYY's experience, a
woman can't be friends with a man; he's having trouble with the
fact that XXXX's closer friends tend to be male.
Ah, yeah, that ties into an observation I made ten or twenty
years ago about what I call "homosocial" and "heterosocial" groups,
but I've never been sure whether the appropriate groups to measure
are communities, subcultures, or generations. (I noticed it as a
generational thing but wasn't sure whether age was the key or the
fact that my friends are fannish and my parents' friends mundane
was the relevant datum.)
In (mostly-heterosexual) homosocial groups, men hang out with
male friends, women hang out with female friends, and couples hang
out with other couples. Anything else feels awkward and/or raises
eyebrows. Men and women can be friends, but they don't do things
together outside of large-group activities, or act as close
friends unless there's a romantic or sexual component or they're
exploring the potential for one. Couples socialize with other
couples; individual members of a couple may also socialize separately
with single same-sex friends, though there seems to be a strong trend
of singles mostly losing touch with their just-married friends as the
married couple shifts gears socially to mostly interacting with other
couples. And if a man and a woman meet for dinner, spend a lot of
time on the phone, or attend a cultural event together, others assume
that they're starting to date ... Or, if either or both is dating or
married to someone else, suspicion of cheating is aroused
and gossip starts up. Some amount of friendly non-romantic interaction
is stifled to preserve the appearance of propriety. This seems to be
how my parents' social group, most of my aunts and uncles, and the
writers and characters of most pre-1990 sitcoms and movies process
social interaction and gender.
In heterosocial groups (mostly-heterosexual or containing a
diverse assortment of orientations), all bets are off regarding who
might hang out with whom as non-romantic friends. Many women have
mostly male friends, men are likely to invite a female buddy to an
event just for company with no eyebrows being raised, people meet
with dinner partners of either gender just to catch up, couples
continue to hang out with their single friends, married couples
operate socially as individuals as well as jointly, and nobody assumes
that secret (or budding) romance is involved until much stronger clues
than "they've been seen together a lot" are provided. Uh ... and
folks in heterosocial environments are often rather confused about
"dating", because when a romantic interest does develop, nobody's
quite sure what constitutes a "date" as opposed to how friends hang
out; and because there are no clear lines between dating and hanging
out, inviting someone out and seeing whether they accept isn't a
reliable way to find out whether they're as romantically interested
in you as you are in them, unless the intent is made pretty clear
in the invitation. There are couples who really don't know how long
they've been couples, because their romance developed out of an
existing friendship and it's not clear when that magical line got
crossed. And there are adults with solid romantic histories who are
not really sure whether they've ever "been on a date".
An interesting side effect of heterosocial patterns of interactions
and assumptions is that (as far as I can tell) a het man is more
likely to be comfortable going to dinner, a movie, or a concert with
an openly gay male friend than in a homosocial social structure.
Since nobody would make any assumptions if he were there with a
non-romantic female friend, he doesn't feel as though people are
going to question his orientation because of his hanging out with an
openly gay male friend. But I probably need to collect more data on
this point, and I could be wrong about the cause (it may just be that
the heterosocial groups I've observed happened to be less homophobic
than the homosocial ones by mere coincidence).
I do not have sufficient data to make any observations about
mostly-homosexual or mostly-bisexual social groups. And polyamoury
adds another layer to all this, but I'll ignore it for the moment.
When folks from homosocial and heterosocial backgrounds interact,
there's an uncomfortable dissonance, as each person's assumptions
about or interpretations of the others behaviour and speech lead to
judgemental and usually incorrect conclusions.
As I said, I've long wondered whether this is a generational
difference, or a fannish/mundane one, or some other division.
But I have observed the existence of both patterns of behaviour
and social expectations.