Δαφνη Ευτυχια Αρθουρος

This is the case of the ox that gores (in Exodus, shortly after the revelation at Sinai -- Mishpatim, if that helps). If your ox gores someone and it's the first time it has done that, you owe damages. If the ox does it again, you owe damages and a fine, because you should have known better. There's a fair body of Jewish law on damages and negligence, actually; thsi is the proof-text for some of it.

(I know this is a Christian context more than a Jewish one, but since Christians use at least the ethical teachings from the torah, I figured it might be relevant.)